Belajar Tenses

Tenses ialah bentuk – bentuk perubahan kata kerja dalam tata bahasa yang menunjukan suatu perbuatan atau kejadian yang sesuai dengan waktu atau kejadiannya.

Contoh
1.       I go to school every morning
2.       I am going to school now
3.       I went to school yesterday
4.       I will go to school tomorrow

Sesuai contoh tersebut diatas dapat dilihat adanya perubahan bentuk kata kerja (go - going - went – will go) sesuai keterangan waktu (everyday – now – yesterday – tomorrow).

Dalam tata bahasa Inggris Tenses dapat di golongkan menjadi 16 bentuk waktu :

1. Simple Present Tense
2. Present  Continous Tense
3. Present Perfect Tense
4. Present Perfect Continous Tense
5. Simple Past Tense
6. Past Continous Tense
7. Past Perfect Tense
8. Past Perfect Continous Tense
9. Simple Future Tense
10. Future Continous Tense
11. Future Perfect Tense
12. Future Perfect Continous Tense
13. Past Future Tense
14. Past Future Continous Tense
15. Past Future Perfect Tense
16. Past Future Perfect Continous Tense

Bentuk waktu diatas dapat dibentuk menjadi kalimat verbal (kalimat predikatnya kata kerja) dan kalimat nominal (kalimat predikatnya selain kata kerja), 16 Golongan Tenses :

1.         SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

a.    Kalimat Verbal

Rumus :

I/We/You/They + Infinitive

He/She/It + Infinitive+ -s/-es

b.    Kalimat Nominal

Rumus :

Subject  + Is/Am/Are +  selain kata kerja

2.         PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE

a.    Kalimat Verbal

Rumus :

Subject +Is/Am/Are + Verb ing

b.    Kalimat Nominal

Rumus :

Subject  + Is/Am/Are +  being + selain kata kerja

3.         PRESENT PERFECT  TENSE

a.    Kalimat Verbal

Rumus :

I/We/You/They + have + Past Participle

He/She/It + has + Past Participle

b.    Kalimat Nominal

Rumus :

I/We/You/They + have + been + Past Participle

He/She/It + has + been + Past Participle

4.         PRESENT PERFECT  CONTINOUS TENSE

a.    Kalimat Verbal

Rumus :

I/We/You/They + have + verb ing

He/She/It + has + been + verb ing

b.    Kalimat Nominal

Rumus :

I/We/You/They + have + been + being + selain kata kerja

He/She/It + has + been + being + selain kata kerja

5.         SIMPLE PAST TENSE

a.    Kalimat Verbal

Rumus :

Subject + Verb2

b.    Kalimat Nominal

Rumus :

We/You/They + were + selain kata kerja

I/He/She/It + Was + selain kata kerja

6.         PAST CONTINOUS TENSE

a.    Kalimat Verbal

Rumus :

I/We/You/They + were + verb ing

He/She/It + Was + verb ing

b.    Kalimat Nominal

Rumus :

We/You/They + were + being + selain kata kerja

I/He/She/It + Was + being + selain kata kerja

7.         PAST PERFECT  TENSE

a.    Kalimat Verbal

Rumus :

Subject  + had + Past Participle

b.    Kalimat Nominal

Rumus :

Subject  + had + been + selain kata kerja

8.         PAST PERFECT  CONTINOUS TENSE

a.    Kalimat Verbal

Rumus :

Subject  + had + been + verb ing

b.    Kalimat Nominal

Rumus :

Subject  + had + been + being + selain kata kerja

9.         SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

a.    Kalimat Verbal

Rumus :

Subject  + Shall/Will + Infinitive

b.    Kalimat Nominal

Rumus :

Subject  + Shall/Will + be + selain kata kerja

10.      FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSE

a.    Kalimat Verbal

Rumus :

I/We/You/They + Shall/Will + verb ing

He/She/It + Shall/Will + verb ing

b.    Kalimat Nominal

Rumus :

            Subject  + Shall/Will + be + being + selain kata kerja

11.      FUTURE PERFECT  TENSE

a.    Kalimat Verbal

Rumus :

Subject  + Shall/Will + have + Past Participle

b.    Kalimat Nominal

Rumus :

Subject  + Shall/Will/have + been + selain kata kerja

12.      FUTURE PERFECT  CONTINOUS TENSE

a.    Kalimat Verbal

Rumus :

Subject  + Shall/Will + have + been + verb ing

b.    Kalimat Nominal

Rumus :

Subject  + Shall/Will + have + been + being + selain kata kerja

13.      PAST FUTURE TENSE

a.    Kalimat Verbal

Rumus :

Subject  + Should/would + Infinitive

Subject  + was/were going to + Infinitive

b.    Kalimat Nominal

Rumus :

Subject  + Should/would + be + selain kata kerja

Subject  + was/were going to + be + selain kata kerja

14.      PAST FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSE

a.    Kalimat Verbal

Rumus :

Subject  + Should/would + be + verb ing

b.    Kalimat Nominal

Rumus :

            Subject  + Should/would + be + being + selain kata kerja

15.      PAST FUTURE PERFECT  TENSE

a.    Kalimat Verbal

Rumus :

Subject  + Should/would + have + Past Participle

b.    Kalimat Nominal

Rumus :

Subject  + Should/would+ have + been + selain kata kerja

16.      PAST FUTURE PERFECT  CONTINOUS TENSE

a.    Kalimat Verbal

Rumus :

Subject  + Should/would + have + been + verb ing

b.    Kalimat Nominal

Rumus :

Subject  + Should/would + have + been + being + selain kata kerja

Ingar T, S.2002.Belajar Sistematis Tenses.Surabaya;Pustaka Agung Harapan